Chāndogya Upaniṣad

1.1.1

Let a man meditate on the syllable Om, called the udgitha; for the udgitha (a portion of the Sama...

1.1.2

The essence of all beings is the earth, the essence of the earth is water, the essence of water t...

1.1.3

That udgitha (Om) is the best of all essences, the highest, deserving the highest place, the eighth.

1.1.4

What then is the Rik? What is the Saman? What is the udgitha? This is the question.

1.1.5

The Rik indeed is speech, Saman is breath, the udgitha is the syllable Om. Now speech and breath,...

1.1.6

And that couple is joined together in the syllable Om. When two people come together, they fulfil...

1.1.7

Thus he who knowing this, meditates on the syllable (Om), the udgitha, becomes indeed a fulfiller...

1.1.8

That syllable is a syllable of permission, for whenever we permit anything, we say Om, yes. Now p...

1.1.9

By that syllable does the threefold knowledge (the sacrifice, more particularly the Soma-sacrific...

1.1.10

Now therefore it would seem to follow, that both he who knows this (the true meaning of the sylla...

1.2.1

When the Devas and Asuras struggled together, both of the race of Pragapati, the Devas took the u...

1.2.2

They meditated on the udgitha (Om) as the breath (scent) in the nose, but the Asuras pierced it (...

1.2.3

Then they meditated on the udgitha (Om) as speech, but the Asuras pierced it with evil. Therefore...

1.2.4

Then they meditated on the udgitha (Om) as the eye, but the Asuras pierced it with evil. Therefor...

1.2.5

Then they meditated on the udgitha (Om) as the ear, but the Asuras pierced it with evil. Therefor...

1.2.6

Then they meditated on the udgitha (Om) as the mind, but the Asuras pierced it with evil. Therefo...

1.2.7

Then comes this breath (of life) in the mouth. They meditated on the udgitha (Om) as that breath....

1.2.8

Thus, as a ball of earth is scattered when hitting on a solid stone, will he be scattered who wis...

1.2.9

By it (the breath in the mouth) he distinguishes neither what is good nor what is bad-smelling, f...

1.2.10

Angiras meditated on the udgitha (Om) as that breath, and people hold it to be Angiras, i.e. the ...

1.2.11

Therefore Brihaspati meditated on udgitha (Om) as that breath, and people hold it to be Brihaspat...

1.2.12

Therefore Ayasya meditated on the udgitha (Om) as that breath, and people hold it to be Ayasya, b...

1.2.13

Therefore Vaka Dalbhya knew it. He was the Udgatri (singer) of the Naimishiya-sacrificers, and by...

1.2.14

He who knows this, and meditates on the syllable Om (the imperishable udgitha) as the breath of l...

1.3.1

Now follows the meditation on the udgitha with reference to the gods. Let a man meditate on the u...

1.3.2

This (the breath in the mouth) and that (the sun) are the same. This is hot and that is hot. This...

1.3.3

Then let a man meditate on the udgitha (Om) as vyana indeed. If we breathe up, that is prana, the...

1.3.4

Speech is Rik, and therefore when a man utters a Rik verse he neither breathes up nor down. Rik i...

1.3.5

And other works also which require strength, such as the production of fire by rubbing, running a...

1.3.6

Let a man meditate on the syllables of the udgitha, i.e. of the word udgitha. Ut is breath (prana...

1.3.7

Ut is heaven, gi the sky, tha the earth. Ut is the sun, gi the air, tha the fire. Ut is the Sama-...

1.3.8

Next follows the fulfilment of prayers. Let a man thus meditate on the Upasaranas, i.e. the objec...

1.3.9

Let him quickly reflect on the Rik in which that Saman occurs; on the Rishi (poet) by whom it was...

1.3.10

On the metre in which he is going to praise; on the tune with which he is going to sing for himself;

1.3.11

On the quarter of the world which he is going to praise. Lastly, having approached himself (his n...

1.4.1

Let a man meditate on the syllable Om, for the udgitha is sung beginning with Om. And this is the...

1.4.2

The Devas, being afraid of death, entered upon (the performance of the sacrifice prescribed in) t...

1.4.3

Then, as a fisherman might observe a fish in the water, Death observed the Devas in the Rik, Yagu...

1.4.4

When a man has mastered the Rig-veda, he says quite loud Om; the same, when he has mastered the S...

1.4.5

He who knowing this loudly pronounces (pranauti) that syllable, enters the same (imperishable) sy...

1.5.1

The udgitha is the pranava, the pranava is the udgitha. And as the udgitha is the sun, so is the ...

1.5.2

`Him I sang praises to, therefore art thou my only one,' thus said Kaushitaki to his son. `Do tho...

1.5.3

Now with reference to the body. Let a man meditate on the udgitha as the breath (in the mouth), f...

1.5.4

`Him I sang praises to, therefore art thou my only son,' thus said Kaushitaki to his son. `Do tho...

1.5.5

He who knows that the udgitha is the pranava, and the pranava the udgitha, rectifies from the sea...

1.6.1

The Rik (veda) is this earth, the Saman (veda) is fire. This Saman (fire) rests on that Rik (eart...

1.6.2

The Rik is the sky, the Saman air. This Saman (air) rests on that Rik (sky). Therefore the Saman ...

1.6.3

Rik is heaven, Saman the sun. This Saman (sun) rests on that Rik (heaven). Therefore the Saman is...

1.6.4

Rik is the stars, Saman the moon. This Saman (moon) rests on that Rik (stars). Therefore the Sama...

1.6.5

Rik is the white light of the sun, Saman the blue exceeding darkness (in the sun). This Saman (da...

1.6.6

Sa is the white light of the sun, ama the blue exceeding darkness, and that makes Sama. Now that ...

1.6.7

Whose eyes are like blue lotus's, his name is ut, for he has risen (udita) above all evil. He als...

1.6.8

Rik and Saman are his joints, and therefore he is udgitha. And therefore he who praises him (the ...

1.7.1

Now with reference to the body. Rik is speech, Saman breath. This Saman (breath) rests on that Ri...

1.7.2

Rik is the eye, Saman the self. This Saman (shadow) rests on that Rik (eye). Therefore the Saman ...

1.7.3

Rik is the ear, Saman the mind. This Saman (mind) rests on that Rik (ear). Therefore the Saman is...

1.7.4

Rik is the white light of the eye, Saman the blue exceeding darkness. This Saman (darkness) rests...

1.7.5

Now the person who is seen in the eye, he is Rik, he is Saman, Uktha, Yagus, Brahman. The form of...

1.7.6

He is lord of the worlds beneath that (the self in the eye), and of all the wishes of men. Theref...

1.7.7

He who knowing this sings a Saman, sings to both (the adhidaivata and adhyatma self, the person i...

1.7.8

And he obtains through the other the worlds beneath that, and the wishes of men. Therefore an Udg...

1.7.9

`What wish shall I obtain for you by my songs?' For he who knowing this sings a Saman is able to ...

1.8.1

There were once three men, well-versed in udgitha, Silaka Salavatya, Kaikitayana Dalbhya, and Pra...

1.8.2

They all agreed and sat down. Then Pravahana Gaivali said: `Sirs, do you both speak first, for I

1.8.3

Then Silaka Salavatya said to Kaikitayana Dalbhya: `Let me ask you.' `Ask,' he replied.

1.8.4

`What is the origin of the Saman?' `Tone (svara),' he replied. `What is the origin of tone?' `Bre...

1.8.5

`What is the origin of water?' `That world (heaven),' he replied. `And what is the origin of that...

1.8.6

Then said Silaka Salavatya to Kaikitayana Dalbhya: `O Dalbhya, thy Saman is not firmly establishe...

1.8.7

`Well then, let me know this from you, Sir,' said Dalbhya. `Know it,' replied Silaka Salavatya. `...

1.8.8

Then said Pravahana Gaivali to Silaka Salavatya: `Your Saman (the earth), O Salavatya, has an end...

1.9.1

`What is the origin of this world?' `Ether,' he replied. For all these beings take their rise fro...

1.9.2

He is indeed the udgitha (Om = Brahman), greater than great (parovariyas), he is without end. He ...

1.9.3

Atidhanvan Saunaka, having taught this udgitha to Udara-sandilya, said: `As long as they will kno...

1.9.4

`And thus also will be their state in the other world.' He who thus knows the udgitha, and medita...

1.10.1

When the Kurus had been destroyed by (hail) stones, Ushasti Kakrayana lived as a beggar with his ...

1.10.2

Seeing a chief eating beans, he begged of him. The chief said: `I have no more, except those whic...

1.10.3

Ushasti said: `Give me to eat of them.' He gave him the beans, and said: `There is something to d...

1.10.4

The chief said: `Were not those beans also left over and therefore unclean?' `No,' he replied; `f...

1.10.5

Having eaten himself, Ushasti gave the remaining beans to his wife. But she, having eaten before,...

1.10.6

Rising the next morning, Ushasti said to her: `Alas, if we could only get some food, we might gai...

1.10.7

His wife said to him: `Look, here are those beans of yours.' Having eaten them, he went to the sa...

1.10.8

He went and sat down on the orchestra near the Udgatris, who were going to sing their hymns of pr...

1.10.9

`Prastotri, if you, without knowing the deity which belongs to the prastava (the hymns &c. of the...

1.10.10

In the same manner he addressed the Udgatri: `Udgatri, if you, without knowing the deity which be...

1.10.11

In the same manner he addressed the Pratihartri: `Pratihartri, if you, without knowing the deity ...

1.11.1

Then the sacrificer said to him: `I should like to know who you are, Sir.' He replied: `I am Usha...

1.11.2

He said: `I looked for you, Sir, for all these sacrificial offices, but not finding you, I chose ...

1.11.3

`But now, Sir, take all the sacrificial offices.' Ushasti said: `Very well; but let those, with m...

1.11.4

Then the Prastotri approached him, saying: `Sir, you said to me, "Prastotri, if you, without know...

1.11.5

He said: `Breath (prana). For all these beings merge into breath alone, and from breath they aris...

1.11.6

Then the Udgatri approached him, saying: `Sir, you said to me, "Udgatri, if you, without knowing ...

1.11.7

He said: `The sun (Aditya). For all these beings praise the sun when it stands on high. This is t...

1.11.8

Then the Pratihartri approached him, saying: `Sir, you said to me, "Pratihartri, if you, without ...

1.11.9

He said: `Food (anna). For all these beings live when they partake of food. This is the deity bel...

1.12.1

Now follows the udgitha of the dogs. Vaka Dalbhya, or, as he was also called, Glava Maitreya, wen...

1.12.2

A white (dog) appeared before him, and other dogs gathering round him, said to him: `Sir, sing an...

1.12.3

The white dog said to them: `Come to me tomorrow morning.' Vaka Dalbhya, or, as he was also calle...

1.12.4

The dogs came on, holding together, each dog keeping the tail of the preceding dog in his mouth, ...

1.12.5

`Om, let us eat! Om, let us drink! Om, may the divine Varuna, Pragapati, Savitri bring us food! L...

1.13.1

The syllable Hau is this world (the earth), the syllable Hai the air, the syllable Atha the moon,...

1.13.2

The syllable U is the sun, the syllable E is the Nihava or invocation, the syllable Auhoi is the ...

1.13.3

The thirteenth stobha syllable, viz. the indistinct syllable Hun, is the Undefinable (the Highest...

1.13.4

Speech yields the milk, which is the milk of speech itself to him who knows this Upanishad (secre...

2.1.1

Meditation on the whole of the Saman is good, and people, when anything is good, say it is Saman;...

2.1.2

Thus they also say, he approached him with Saman, i.e. becomingly; and he approached him without ...

2.1.3

And they also say, truly this is Saman for us, i.e. it is good for us, when it is good; and truly...

2.1.4

If any one knowing this meditates on the Saman as good, depend upon it all good qualities will ap...

2.2.1

Let a man meditate on the fivefold Saman as the five worlds. The hinkara is the earth, the prasta...

2.2.2

In a descending line, the hinkara is heaven, the prastava the sun, the udgitha the sky, the prati...

2.2.3

The worlds in an ascending and in a descending line belong to him who knowing this meditates on t...

2.3.1

Let a man meditate on the fivefold Saman as rain. The hinkara is wind (that brings the rain); the...

2.3.2

The nidhana is, `it stops.' There is rain for him, and he brings rain for others who thus knowing...

2.4.1

Let a man meditate on the fivefold Saman in all waters. When the clouds gather, that is the hinka...

2.4.2

He does not die in water, nay, he is rich in water who knowing this meditates on the fivefold Sam...

2.5.1

Let a man meditate on the fivefold Saman as the seasons. The hinkara is spring, the prastava summ...

2.5.2

The seasons belong to him, nay, he is always in season (successful) who knowing this meditates on...

2.6.1

Let a man meditate on the fivefold Saman in animals. The hinkara is goats, the prastava sheep, th...

2.6.2

Animals belong to him, nay, he is rich in animals who knowing this meditates on the fivefold Sama...

2.7.1

Let a man meditate on the fivefold Saman, which is greater than great, as the pranas (senses). Th...

2.7.2

What is greater than great belongs to him, nay, he conquers the worlds which are greater than gre...

2.8.1

Next for the sevenfold Saman. Let a man meditate on the sevenfold Saman in speech. Whenever there...

2.8.2

Ud is the udgitha, pra the pratihara, upa the upadrava, ni the nidhana.

2.8.3

Speech yields the milk, which is the milk of speech itself, to him who knowing this meditates on ...

2.9.1

Let a man meditate on the sevenfold Saman as the sun. The sun is Saman, because he is always the ...

2.9.2

Let him know that all beings are dependent on him (the sun). What he is before his rising, that i...

2.9.3

What he is when first risen, that is the prastava. On it men are dependent. Therefore men love pr...

2.9.4

What he is at the time of the sangava, that is the adi, the first, the Om. On it birds are depend...

2.9.5

What he is just at noon, that is the udgitha. On it the Devas are dependent (because they are bri...

2.9.6

What he is after midday and before afternoon, that is the pratihara. On it all germs are dependen...

2.9.7

What he is after the afternoon and before sunset, that is the upadrava. On it the animals of the ...

2.9.8

What he is when he first sets, that is the nidhana. On it the fathers are dependent. Therefore th...

2.10.1

Next let a man meditate on the sevenfold Saman which is uniform in itself and leads beyond death....

2.10.2

The word adi (first, Om) has two syllables, the word pratihara has four syllables. Taking one syl...

2.10.3

The word udgitha has three syllables, the word upadrava has four syllables. With three and three ...

2.10.4

The word nidhana has three syllables, therefore it is equal. These make twenty-two syllables.

2.10.5

With twenty-one syllables a man reaches the sun (and death), for the sun is the twenty-first from...

2.10.6

He obtains here the victory over the sun (death), and there is a higher victory than the victory ...

2.11.1

The hinkara is mind, the prastava speech, the udgitha sight, the pratihara hearing, the nidhana b...

2.11.2

He who thus knows this Gayatra interwoven in the pranas, keeps his senses, reaches the full life,...

2.12.1

The hinkara is, he rubs (the fire-stick); the prastava, smoke rises; the udgitha, it burns; the p...

2.12.2

He who thus knows this Rathantara interwoven in fire, becomes radiant and strong. He reaches the ...

2.13.1

2. Next follows the Vamadevya as interwoven in generation.

2.14.1

Rising, the sun is the hinkara, risen, he is the prastava, at noon he is the udgitha, in the afte...

2.14.2

He who thus knows the Brihat as interwoven in the sun, becomes refulgent and strong, he reaches t...

2.15.1

The mists gather, that is the hinkara; the cloud has risen, that is the prastava; it rains, that ...

2.15.2

He who thus knows the Vairupa as interwoven in Parganya, obtains all kinds of cattle (virupa), he...

2.16.1

The hinkara is spring, the prastava summer, the udgitha the rainy season, the pratihara autumn, t...

2.16.2

He who thus knows the Vairaga, as interwoven in the seasons, shines (viragati) through children, ...

2.17.1

The hinkara is the earth, the prastava the sky, the udgitha heaven, the pratihara the regions, th...

2.17.2

He who thus knows the Sakvaris, as interwoven in the worlds, becomes possessed of the worlds, he ...

2.18.1

The hinkara is goats, the prastava sheep, the udgitha cows, the pratihara horses, the nidhana man...

2.18.2

He who thus knows these Revatis, as interwoven in animals, becomes rich in animals, he reaches th...

2.19.1

The hinkara is hair, the prastava skin, the udgitha flesh, the pratihara bone, the nidhana marrow...

2.19.2

He who thus knows the Yagnayagniya, as interwoven in the members of the body, becomes possessed o...

2.20.1

The hinkara is fire, the prastava air, the udgitha the sun, the pratihara the stars, the nidhana ...

2.20.2

He who thus knows the Ragana, as interwoven in the deities, obtains the same world, the same happ...

2.21.1

The hinkara is the threefold knowledge, the prastava these three worlds, the udgitha Agni (fire),...

2.21.2

He who thus knows this Saman, as interwoven in everything, he becomes everything.

2.21.3

And thus it is said in the following verse: `There are the fivefold three (the three kinds of sac...

2.21.4

He who knows this, knows everything. All regions offer him gifts. His rule is, `Let him meditate ...

2.22.1

The udgitha, of which a poet said, I choose the deep sounding note of the Saman as good for cattl...

2.22.2

Let a man sing, wishing to obtain by his song immortality for the Devas. `May I obtain by my song...

2.22.3

All vowels (svara) belong to Indra, all sibilants (ushman) to Pragapati, all consonants (sparsa) ...

2.22.4

And if somebody should reprove him for his sibilants, let him say, `I went to Pragapati as my ref...

2.22.5

All vowels are to be pronounced with voice (ghosha) and strength (bala), so that the Udgatri may ...

2.23.1

There are three branches of the law. Sacrifice, study, and charity are the first,

2.23.2

Austerity the second, and to dwell as a Brahmakarin in the house of a tutor, always mortifying th...

2.23.3

Pragapati brooded on the worlds. From them, thus brooded on, the threefold knowledge (sacrifice) ...

2.23.4

He brooded on them, and from them, thus brooded on, issued the Om. As all leaves are attached to ...

2.24.1

The teachers of Brahman (Veda) declare, as the Pratah-savana (morning-oblation) belongs to the Va...

2.24.2

Where then is the world of the sacrificer? He who does not know this, how can he perform the sacr...

2.24.3

Before the beginning of the Prataranuvaka (matin-chant), the sacrificer, sitting down behind the ...

2.24.4

`Open the door of the world (the earth), let us see thee, that we may rule (on earth).'

2.24.5

Then he sacrifices, saying: `Adoration to Agni, who dwells on the earth, who dwells in the world!...

2.24.6

`I (the sacrificer) shall go thither, when this life is over. Take this! (he says, in offering th...

2.24.7

Before the beginning of the Madhyandinasavana, the noon-oblation, the sacrificer, sitting down be...

2.24.8

`Open the door of the world (the sky), let us see thee, that we may rule wide (in the sky).'

2.24.9

Then he sacrifices, saying: `Adoration to Vayu (air), who dwells in the sky, who dwells in the wo...

2.24.10

`I (the sacrificer) shall go thither, when this life is over. Take this! Cast back the bolt!' Hav...

2.24.11

Before the beginning of the third oblation, the sacrificer, sitting down behind the Ahavaniya alt...

2.24.12

`Open the door of the world (the heaven), let us see thee, that we may rule supreme (in heaven).'...

2.24.13

Next the Saman addressed to the Visve Devas: `Open the door of the world (heaven), let us see the...

2.24.14

Then he sacrifices, saying: `Adoration to the Adityas and to the Visve Devas, who dwell in heaven...

2.24.15

`That is the world for the sacrificer! I (the sacrificer) shall go thither, when this life is ove...

2.24.16

For him the Adityas and the Visve Devas fulfil the third oblation. He who knows this, knows the f...

3.1.1

The sun is indeed the honey of the Devas. The heaven is the cross-beam (from which) the sky (hang...

3.1.2

The eastern rays of the sun are the honey-cells in front. The Rik verses are the bees, the Rig-ve...

3.1.3

Those very Rik verses then (as bees) brooded over the Rig-veda sacrifice (the flower); and from i...

3.1.4

That (essence) flowed forth and went towards the sun. And that forms what we call the red (rohita...

3.2.1

The southern rays of the sun are the honey-cells on the right. The Yagus verses are the bees, the...

3.2.2

Those very Yagus verses (as bees) brooded over the Yagur-veda sacrifice (the flower); and from it...

3.2.3

That flowed forth and went towards the sun. And that forms what we call the white (sukla) light o...

3.3.1

The western rays of the sun are the honey-cells behind. The Saman verses are the bees, the Samave...

3.3.2

Those very Saman verses (as bees) brooded over the Sama-veda sacrifice; and from it, thus brooded...

3.3.3

That flowed forth and went towards the sun. And that forms what we call the dark (krishna) light ...

3.4.1

The northern rays of the sun are the honey-cells on the left. The (hymns of the) Atharvangiras ar...

3.4.2

Those very hymns of the Atharvangiras (as bees) brooded over the Itihasa-purana; and from it, thu...

3.4.3

That flowed forth, and went towards the sun. And that forms what we call the extreme dark (parah ...

3.5.1

The upward rays of the sun are the honey-cells above. The secret doctrines are the bees, Brahman ...

3.5.2

Those secret doctrines (as bees) brooded over Brahman (the Om); and from it, thus brooded on, spr...

3.5.3

That flowed forth, and went towards the sun. And that forms what seems to stir in the centre of t...

3.5.4

These (the different colours in the sun) are the essences of the essences. For the Vedas are esse...

3.6.1

On the first of these nectars (the red light, which represents fame, glory of countenance, vigour...

3.6.2

They enter into that (red) colour, and they rise from that colour.

3.6.3

He who thus knows this nectar, becomes one of the Vasus, with Agni at their head, he sees the nec...

3.6.4

So long as the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so long does he follow the sovereign s...

3.7.1

On the second of these nectars the Rudras live, with Indra at their head. True, the Devas do not ...

3.7.2

They enter into that white colour, and they rise from that colour.

3.7.3

He who thus knows this nectar, becomes one of the Rudras, with Indra at their head, he sees the n...

3.7.4

So long as the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, twice as long does it rise in the sout...

3.8.1

On the third of these nectars the Adityas live, with Varuna at their head. True, the Devas do not...

3.8.2

They enter into that (dark) colour, and they rise from that colour.

3.8.3

He who thus knows this nectar, becomes one of the Adityas, with Varuna at their head, he sees the...

3.8.4

So long as the sun rises in the south and sets in the north, twice as long does it rise in the we...

3.9.1

On the fourth of these nectars the Maruts live, with Soma at their head. True, the Devas do not e...

3.9.2

They enter in that (very dark) colour, and they rise from that colour.

3.9.3

He who thus knows this nectar, becomes one of the Maruts, with Soma at their head, he sees the ne...

3.9.4

So long as the sun rises in the west and sets in the east, twice as long does it rise in the nort...

3.10.1

On the fifth of these nectars the Sadhyas live, with Brahman at their head. True, the Devas do no...

3.10.2

They enter into that colour, and they rise from that colour.

3.10.3

He who thus knows this nectar, becomes one of the Sadhyas, with Brahman at their head; he sees th...

3.10.4

So long as the sun rises in the north and sets in the south, twice as long does it rise above, an...

3.11.1

When from thence he has risen upwards, he neither rises nor sets. He is alone, standing in the ce...

3.11.2

`Yonder he neither rises nor sets at any time. If this is not true, ye gods, may I lose Brahman.'

3.11.3

And indeed to him who thus knows this Brahmaupanishad (the secret doctrine of the Veda) the sun d...

3.11.4

This doctrine (beginning with 3, 1, 1) Brahman (m. Hiranyagarbha) told to Pragapati (Virag), Prag...

3.11.5

A father may therefore tell that doctrine of Brahman to his eldest son, or to a worthy pupil. But...

3.12.1

The Gayatri (verse) is everything whatsoever here exists. Gayatri indeed is speech, for speech si...

3.12.2

That Gayatri is also the earth, for everything that here exists rests on the earth, and does not ...

3.12.3

That earth again is the body in man, for in it the vital airs (pranas, which are everything) rest...

3.12.4

That body again in man is the heart within man, for in it the pranas (which are everything) rest,...

3.12.5

That Gayatri has four feet and is sixfold. And this is also declared by a Rik verse (Rig-veda X, ...

3.12.6

`Such is the greatness of it (of Brahman, under the disguise of Gayatri); greater than it is the ...

3.12.7

The Brahman which has been thus described (as immortal with three feet in heaven, and as Gayatri)...

3.12.8

And the ether which is around us, is the same as the ether which is within us. And the ether whic...

3.12.9

That is the ether within the heart. That ether in the heart (as Brahman) is omnipresent and uncha...

3.13.1

For that heart there are five gates belonging to the Devas (the senses). The eastern gate is the ...

3.13.2

The southern gate is the Vyana (back-breathing), that is the ear, that is the moon. Let a man med...

3.13.3

The western gate is the Apana (down-breathing), that is speech, that is Agni (fire). Let a man me...

3.13.4

The northern gate is the Samana (on-breathing), that is mind, that is Parganya (rain). Let a man ...

3.13.5

The upper gate is the Udana (out-breathing), that is air, that is ether. Let a man meditate on th...

3.13.6

These are the five men of Brahman, the doorkeepers of the Svarga (heaven) world. He who knows the...

3.13.7

Now that light which shines above this heaven, higher than all, higher than everything, in the hi...

3.13.8

Namely, when we thus perceive by touch the warmth here in the body. And of it we have this audibl...

3.14.1

All this is Brahman (n.) Let a man meditate on that (visible world) as beginning, ending, and bre...

3.14.2

The intelligent, whose body is spirit, whose form is light, whose thoughts are true, whose nature...

3.14.3

He is my self within the heart, smaller than a corn of rice, smaller than a corn of barley, small...

3.14.4

He from whom all works, all desires, all sweet odours and tastes proceed, who embraces all this, ...

3.15.1

The chest which has the sky for its circumference and the earth for its bottom, does not decay, f...

3.15.2

Its eastern quarter is called Guhu, its southern Sahamana, its western Ragni, its northern Subhut...

3.15.3

`I turn to the imperishable chest with such and such and such.' `I turn to the Prana (life) with ...

3.15.4

`When I said, I turn to Pran, then Pran means all whatever exists here to that I turn.'

3.15.5

`When I said, I turn to Bhuh, what I said is, I turn to the earth, the sky, and heaven.'

3.15.6

`When I said, I turn to Bhuvah, what I said is, I turn to Agni (fire), Vayu (air), Aditya (sun).'

3.15.7

`When I said, I turn to Svah, what I said is, I turn to the Rig-veda, Yagur-veda, and Sama-veda. ...

3.16.1

Man is sacrifice. His (first) twenty-four years are the morning-libation. The Gayatri has twentyf...

3.16.2

If anything ails him in that (early) age, let him say: `Ye Pranas, ye Vasus, extend this my morni...

3.16.3

The next forty-four years are the midday-libation. The Trishtubh has forty-four syllables, the mi...

3.16.4

If anything ails him in that (second) age, let him say: `Ye Pranas, ye Rudras, extend this my mid...

3.16.5

The next forty-eight years are the third libation. The Gagati has forty-eight syllables, the thir...

3.16.6

If anything ails him in that (third) age, let him say: `Ye Pranas, ye Adityas, extend this my thi...

3.16.7

Mahidasa Aitareya (the son of Itara), who knew this, said (addressing a disease): `Why dost thou ...

3.17.1

When a man (who is the sacrificer) hungers, thirsts, and abstains from pleasures, that is the Dik...

3.17.2

When a man eats, drinks, and enjoys pleasures, he does it with the Upasadas (the sacrificial days...

3.17.3

When a man laughs, eats, and delights himself, he does it with the Stuta-sastras (hymns sung and ...

3.17.4

Penance, liberality, righteousness, kindness, truthfulness, these form his Dakshinas (gifts besto...

3.17.5

Therefore when they say, `There will be a birth,' and `there has been a birth' (words used at the...

3.17.6

Ghora Angirasa, after having communicated this (view of the sacrifice) to Krishna, the son of Dev...

3.17.7

`Then they see (within themselves) the everpresent light of the old seed (of the world, the Sat),...

3.18.1

Let a man meditate on mind as Brahman (n.), this is said with reference to the body. Let a man me...

3.18.2

That Brahman (mind) has four feet (quarters). Speech is one foot, breath is one foot, the eye is ...

3.18.3

Speech is indeed the fourth foot of Brahman. That foot shines with Agni (fire) as its light, and ...

3.18.4

Breath is indeed the fourth foot of Brahman. That foot shines with Vayu (air) as its light, and w...

3.18.5

The eye is indeed the fourth foot of Brahman. That foot shines with Aditya (sun) as its light, an...

3.18.6

The ear is indeed the fourth foot of Brahman. That foot shines with the quarters as its light, an...

3.19.1

Aditya (the sun) is Brahman, this is the doctrine, and this is the fuller account of it: In the b...

3.19.2

The silver one became this earth, the golden one the sky, the thick membrane (of the white) the m...

3.19.3

And what was born from it that was Aditya, the sun. When he was born shouts of hurrah arose, and ...

3.19.4

If any one knowing this meditates on the sun as Brahman, pleasant shouts will approach him and wi...

4.1.1

There lived once upon a time Ganasruti Pautrayana (the great-grandson of Ganasruta), who was a pi...

4.1.2

Once in the night some Hamsas (flamingoes) flew over his house, and one flamingo said to another:...

4.1.3

The other answered him: `How can you speak of him, being what he is (a raganya, noble), as if he ...

4.1.4

The first replied: `How is it with this Raikva with the car of whom thou speakest?' The other ans...

4.1.5

Ganasruti Pautrayana overheard this conversation, and as soon as he had risen in the morning, he ...

4.1.6

The king said: `As (in a game of dice), all the lower casts belong to him who has conquered with ...

4.1.7

The door-keeper went to look for Raikva, but returned saying, `I found him not.' Then the king th...

4.1.8

The door-keeper came to a man who was lying beneath a car and scratching his sores. He addressed ...

4.2.1

Then Ganasruti Pautrayana took six hundred cows, a necklace, and a carriage with mules, went to R...

4.2.2

`Raikva, here are six hundred cows, a necklace, and a carriage with mules; teach me the deity whi...

4.2.3

The other replied: `Fie, necklace and carriage be thine, O Sudra, together with the cows.' The Ga...

4.2.4

He said to him: `Raikva, there are a thousand cows, a necklace, a carriage with mules, this wife,...

4.2.5

He, opening her mouth, said: `You have brought these (cows and other presents), O Sudra, but only...

4.3.1

`Air (vayu) is indeed the end of all. For when fire goes out, it goes into air. When the sun goes...

4.3.2

`When water dries up, it goes into air. Air indeed consumes them all. So much with reference to t...

4.3.3

`Now with reference to the body. Breath (prana) is indeed the end of all. When a man sleeps, spee...

4.3.4

`These are the two ends, air among the Devas, breath among the senses (pranah).'

4.3.5

Once while Saunaka Kapeya and Abhipratarin Kakshaseni were being waited on at their meal, a relig...

4.3.6

He said: `One god who is he? swallowed the four great ones, he, the guardian of the world. O Kape...

4.3.7

Saunaka Kapeya, pondering on that speech, went to the student and said: `He is the self of the De...

4.3.8

They gave him food. Now these five (the eater Vayu (air), and his food, Agni (fire), Aditya (sun)...

4.4.1

Satyakama, the son of Gabala, addressed his mother and said: `I wish to become a Brahmakarin (rel...

4.4.2

She said to him: `I do not know, my child, of what family thou art. In my youth when I had to mov...

4.4.3

He going to Gautama Haridrumata said to him, `I wish to become a Brahmakarin with you, Sir. May I...

4.4.4

He {Gautama} said to him: `Of what family are you, my friend?' He {Satyakama} replied: `I do not ...

4.5.1

The bull of the herd (meant for Vayu) said to him: `Satyakama!' He replied: `Sir!' The bull said:...

4.5.2

`And I will declare to you one foot of Brahman.' `Declare it, Sir,' he replied. He said to him: `...

4.5.3

`He who knows this and meditates on the foot of Brahman, consisting of four quarters, by the name...

4.6.1

`Agni will declare to you another foot of Brahman.' (After these words of the bull), Satyakama, o...

4.6.2

Then Agni (the fire) said to him: `Satyakama!' He replied: `Sir.'

4.6.3

Agni said: `Friend, I will declare unto you one foot of Brahman.' `Declare it, Sir,' he replied. ...

4.6.4

`He who knows this and meditates on the foot of Brahman, consisting of four quarters, by the name...

4.7.1

`A Hamsa (flamingo, meant for the sun) will declare to you another foot of Brahman.' (After these...

4.7.2

Then a Hamsa flew near and said to him: `Satyakama.' He replied: `Sir.'

4.7.3

The Hamsa said: `Friend, I will declare unto you one foot of Brahman.' `Declare it, Sir,' he repl...

4.7.4

`He who knows this and meditates on the foot of Brahman, consisting of four quarters, by the name...

4.8.1

`A diver-bird (Madgu, meant for Pran) will declare to you another foot of Brahman.' (After these ...

4.8.2

Then a diver flew near and said to him: `Satyakama.' He replied: `Sir.'

4.8.3

The diver said: `Friend, I will declare unto you one foot of Brahman.' `Declare it, Sir,' he repl...

4.9.1

Thus he reached the house of his teacher. The teacher said to him: `Satyakama.' He replied: `Sir.'

4.9.2

The teacher said: `Friend, you shine like one who knows Brahman. Who then has taught you?' He rep...

4.9.3

`For I have heard from men like you, Sir, that only knowledge which is learnt from a teacher (Aka...

4.10.1

Upakosala Kamalayana dwelt as a Brahmakarin (religious student) in the house of Satyakama Gabala....

4.10.2

Then his wife said to him: `This student, who is quite exhausted (with austerities), has carefull...

4.10.3

The student from sorrow was not able to eat. Then the wife of the teacher said to him: `Student, ...

4.10.4

Thereupon the fires said among themselves: `This student, who is quite exhausted, has carefully t...

4.10.5

`Breath is Brahman, Ka (pleasure) is Brahman, Kha (ether) is Brahman.' He said: `I understand tha...

4.11.1

After that the Garhapatya fire taught him: `Earth, fire, food, and the sun (these are my forms, o...

4.11.2

`He who knowing this meditates on him, destroys sin, obtains the world (of Agni Garhapatya), reac...

4.12.1

Then the Anvaharya fire taught him: `Water, the quarters, the stars, the moon (these are my forms...

4.12.2

`He who knowing this meditates on him, destroys sin, obtains the world (of Agni Anvaharya), reach...

4.13.1

Then the Ahavaniya fire taught him: `Breath, ether, heaven, and lightning (these are my forms). T...

4.13.2

`He who knowing this meditates on him, destroys sin, obtains the world (of Agni Ahavaniya), reach...

4.14.1

Then they all said: `Upakosala, this is our knowledge, our friend, and the knowledge of the Self,...

4.14.2

In time his teacher came back, and said to him: `Upakosala.' He answered: `Sir.' The teacher said...

4.14.3

He answered: `This' (repeating some of what they had told him). The teacher said: `My friend, the...

4.15.1

He said: `The person that is seen in the eye, that is the Self. This is the immortal, the fearles...

4.15.2

`They call him Samyadvama, for all blessings (vama) go towards him (samyanti). All blessings go t...

4.15.3

`He is also Vamani, for he leads (nayati) all blessings (vama). He leads all blessings who knows ...

4.15.4

`He is also Bhamani, for he shines (bhati) in all worlds. He who knows this, shines in all worlds.

4.15.5

`Now (if one who knows this, dies), whether people perform obsequies for him or no, he goes to li...

4.15.6

`He leads them to Brahman. This is the path of the Devas, the path that leads to Brahman. Those w...

4.16.1

Verily, he who purifies (Vayu) is the sacrifice, for he (the air) moving along, purifies everythi...

4.16.2

The Brahman priest performs one of them in his mind, the Hotri, Adhvaryu, and Udgatri priests per...

4.16.3

He performs perfectly the one way only (that by words), but the other is injured. As a man walkin...

4.16.4

But when after the Prataranuvaka ceremony has begun, and before the recitation of the Paridhaniya...

4.16.5

As a man walking on two legs and a carriage going on two wheels gets on, so his sacrifice gets on...

4.17.1

Pragapati brooded over the worlds, and from them thus brooded on he squeezed out the essences, Ag...

4.17.2

He brooded over these three deities, and from them thus brooded on he squeezed out the essences, ...

4.17.3

He brooded over the threefold knowledge (the three Vedas), and from it thus brooded on he squeeze...

4.17.4

If the sacrifice is injured from the Rig-veda side, let him offer a libation in the Garhapatya fi...

4.17.5

If the sacrifice is injured from the Yagur-veda side, let him offer a libation in the Dakshina fi...

4.17.6

If the sacrifice is injured by the Sama-veda side, let him offer a libation in the Ahavaniya fire...

4.17.7

As one binds (softens) gold by means of lavana (borax), and silver by means of gold, and tin by m...

4.17.8

Thus does one bind together and heal any break in the sacrifice by means of (the Vyahritis or sac...

4.17.9

That sacrifice is inclined towards the north (in the right way) in which there is a Brahman pries...

5.1.1

He who knows the oldest and the best becomes himself the oldest and the best. Breath indeed is th...

5.1.2

He who knows the richest, becomes himself the richest. Speech indeed is the richest.

5.1.3

He who knows the firm rest, becomes himself firm in this world and in the next. The eye indeed is...

5.1.4

He who knows success, his wishes succeed, both his divine and human wishes. The ear indeed is suc...

5.1.5

He who knows the home, becomes a home of his people. The mind indeed is the home.

5.1.6

The five senses quarrelled together, who was the best, saying, I am better, I am better.

5.1.7

They went to their father Pragapati and said: `Sir, who is the best of us?' He replied: `He by wh...

5.1.8

The tongue (speech) departed, and having been absent for a year, it came round and said: `How hav...

5.1.9

The eye (sight) departed, and having been absent for a year, it came round and said: `How have yo...

5.1.10

The ear (hearing) departed, and having been absent for a year, it came round and said: `How have ...

5.1.11

The mind departed, and having been absent for a year, it came round and said: `How have you been ...

5.1.12

The breath, when on the point of departing, tore up the other senses, as a horse, going to start,...

5.1.13

Then the tongue said to him: `If I am the richest, thou art the richest.' The eye said to him: `I...

5.1.14

The ear said to him: `If I am success, thou art success.' The mind said to him: `If I am the home...

5.1.15

And people do not call them, the tongues, the eyes, the ears, the minds, but the breaths (prana, ...

5.2.1

Breath said: `What shall be my food?' They answered: `Whatever there is, even unto dogs and birds...

5.2.2

He said: `What shall be my dress?' They answered: `Water.' Therefore wise people, when they are g...

5.2.3

Satyakama Gabala, after he had communicated this to Gosruti Vaiyaghrapadya, said to him: `If you ...

5.2.4

If a man wishes to reach greatness, let him perform the Diksha (preparatory rite) on the day of t...

5.2.5

In the same manner let him pour ghee on the fire, saying, `Svaha to the richest.' After that let ...

5.2.6

Then going forward and placing the mash in his hands, he recites: `Thou (Pran) art Ama by name, f...

5.2.7

Then he eats with the following Rik verse at every foot: `We choose that food' here he swallows `...

5.2.8

Having cleansed the vessel, whether it be a kamsa or a kamasa, he sits down behind the fire on a ...

5.2.9

On this there is a Sloka: `If during sacrifices which are to fulfil certain wishes he sees in his...

5.3.1

Svetaketu Aruneya went to an assembly of the Pankalas. Pravahana Gaivali said to him: `Boy, has y...

5.3.2

`Do you know to what place men go from here?' `No, Sir,' he replied. `Do you know how they return...

5.3.3

`Do you know why that world never becomes full?' `No, Sir,' he replied. `Do you know why in the f...

5.3.4

`Then why did you say (you had been) instructed? How could anybody who did not know these things ...

5.3.5

`That fellow of a Raganya asked me five questions, and I could not answer one of them.' The fathe...

5.3.6

Then Gautama went to the king's place, and when he had come to him, the king offered him proper r...

5.3.7

The king was perplexed, and commanded him, saying: `Stay with me some time.' Then he said: `As (t...

5.4.1

`The altar (on which the sacrifice is supposed to be offered) is that world (heaven), O Gautama; ...

5.4.2

`On that altar the Devas (or pranas, represented by Agni, &c.) offer the sraddha libation (consis...

5.5.1

`The altar is Parganya (the god of rain), O Gautama; its fuel is the air itself, the smoke the cl...

5.5.2

`On that altar the Devas offer Soma, the king (the moon). From that oblation rises rain.

5.6.1

`The altar is the earth, O Gautama; its fuel is the year itself, the smoke the ether, the light t...

5.6.2

`On that altar the Devas (pranas) offer rain. From that oblation rises food (corn, &c.)

5.7.1

`The altar is man, O Gautama; its fuel speech itself, the smoke the breath, the light the tongue,...

5.7.2

`On that altar the Devas (pranas) offer food. From that oblation rises seed.

5.8.1

`The altar is woman, O Gautama.

5.8.2

`On that altar the Devas (pranas) offer seed. From that oblation rises the germ.

5.9.1

`For this reason is water in the fifth oblation called Man. This germ, covered in the womb, havin...

5.9.2

`When born, he lives whatever the length of his life may be. When he has departed, his friends ca...

5.10.1

`Those who know this (even though they still be grihasthas, householders) and those who in the fo...

5.10.2

`He leads them to Brahman (the conditioned Brahman). This is the path of the Devas.

5.10.3

`But they who living in a village practise (a life of) sacrifices, works of public utility, and a...

5.10.4

`From the months they go to the world of the fathers, from the world of the fathers to the ether,...

5.10.5

`Having dwelt there, till their (good) works are consumed, they return again that way as they cam...

5.10.6

`Having become mist, he becomes a cloud, having become a cloud, he rains down. Then he is born as...

5.10.7

`Those whose conduct has been good, will quickly attain some good birth, the birth of a conduct h...

5.10.8

`On neither of these two ways those small creatures (flies, worms, &c.) are continually returning...

5.10.9

`A man who steals gold, who drinks spirits, who dishonours his Guru's bed, who kills a Brahman, t...

5.10.10

`But he who thus knows the five fires is not defiled by sin even though he associates with them. ...

5.11.1

Prakinasala Aupamanyava, Satyayagna Paulushi, Indradyumna Bhallaveya, Gana Sarkarakshya, and Budi...

5.11.2

They reflected and said: `Sirs, there is that Uddalaka Aruni, who knows at present that Self, cal...

5.11.3

But he reflected: `Those great householders and great theologians will examine me, and I shall no...

5.11.4

He said to them: `Sirs, Asvapati Kaikeya knows at present that Self, called Vaisvanara. Well, let...

5.11.5

When they arrived (the king) ordered proper presents to be made separately to each of them. And r...

5.11.6

They replied: `Every man ought to say for what purpose he comes. You know at present that Vaisvan...

5.11.7

He said: `To-morrow I shall give you an answer.' Therefore on the next morning they approached hi...

5.12.1

`Aupamanyava, whom do you meditate on as the Self?' He replied: `Heaven only, venerable king.' He...

5.12.2

`You eat food, and see your desire (a son, &c.), and whoever thus meditates on that Vaisvanara Se...

5.13.1

Then he said to Satyayagna Paulushi: `O Prakinayogya, whom do you meditate on as the Self?' He re...

5.13.2

`There is a car with mules, full of slaves and jewels. You eat food and see your desire, and whoe...

5.14.1

Then he said to Indradyumna Bhallaveya: `O Vaiyaghrapadya, whom do you meditate on as the Self?' ...

5.14.2

`You eat food and see your desire, and whoever thus meditates on that Vaisvanara Self, eats food ...

5.15.1

Then he said to Gana Sarkarakshya: `Whom do you meditate on as the Self?' He replied: `Ether only...

5.15.2

`You eat food and see your desire, and whoever thus meditates on that Vaisvanara Self, eats food ...

5.16.1

Then he said to Budila Asvatarasvi, `O Vaiyaghrapadya, whom do you meditate on as the Self?' He r...

5.16.2

`You eat food and see your desire, and whoever thus meditates on that Vaisvanara Self, eats food ...

5.17.1

Then he said to Auddalaka Aruni: `O Gautama, whom do you meditate on as the Self?' He replied: `T...

5.17.2

`You eat food and see your desire, and whoever thus meditates on that Vaisvanara Self, eats food ...

5.18.1

Then he said to them all: `You eat your food, knowing that Vaisvanara Self as if it were many. Bu...

5.18.2

`Of that Vaisvanara Self the head is Sutegas (having good light), the eye Visvarupa (multiform), ...

5.19.1

`Therefore the first food which a man may take, is in the place of Homa. And he who offers that f...

5.19.2

`If Prana is satisfied, the eye is satisfied, if the eye is satisfied, the sun is satisfied, if t...

5.20.1

`And he who offers the second oblation, should offer it to Vyana (back-breathing), saying Svaha. ...

5.20.2

`If Vyana is satisfied, the ear is satisfied, if the ear is satisfied, the moon is satisfied, if ...

5.21.1

`And he who offers the third oblation, should offer it to Apana (down-breathing), saying Svaha. T...

5.21.2

`And through their satisfaction he (the sacrificer or eater) himself is satisfied with offspring,...

5.22.1

`And he who offers the fourth oblation, should offer it to Samana (on-breathing), saying Svaha. T...

5.22.2

`If Samana is satisfied, the mind is satisfied, if the mind is satisfied, Parganya (god of rain) ...

5.23.1

`And he who offers the fifth oblation, should offer it to Udana (out-breathing), saying Svaha. Th...

5.23.2

`If Udana is satisfied, Vayu (air) is satisfied, if Vayu is satisfied, ether is satisfied, if eth...

5.24.1

`If, without knowing this, one offers an Agnihotra, it would be as if a man were to remove the li...

5.24.2

`But he who offers this Agnihotra with a full knowledge of its true purport, he offers it (i.e. h...

5.24.3

`As the soft fibres of the Ishika reed, when thrown into the fire, are burnt, thus all his sins a...

5.24.4

`Even if he gives what is left of his food to a Kandala, it would be offered in his (the Kandala'...

5.24.5

`Even if he gives what is left of his food to a `As hungry children here on earth sit (expectantl...

6.1.1

Harih, Om. There lived once Svetaketu Aruneya (the grandson of Aruna). To him his father (Uddalak...

6.1.2

Having begun his apprenticeship (with a teacher) when he was twelve years of age, Svetaketu retur...

6.1.3

His father said to him: `Svetaketu, as you are so conceited, considering yourself so well-read, a...

6.1.4

`What is that instruction, Sir?' he asked. The father replied: `My dear, as by one clod of clay a...

6.1.5

`And as, my dear, by one nugget of gold all that is made of gold is known, the difference being o...

6.1.6

`And as, my dear, by one pair of nail-scissors all that is made of iron (karshnayasam) is known, ...

6.1.7

The son said: `Surely those venerable men (my teachers) did not know that. For if they had known ...

6.2.1

`In the beginning,' my dear, `there was that only which is {to on, [greek]} one only, without a s...

6.2.2

`But how could it be thus, my dear?' the father continued. `How could that which is, be born of t...

6.2.3

`It thought, may I be many, may I grow forth. It sent forth fire. `That fire thought, may I be ma...

6.2.4

`Water thought, may I be many, may I grow forth. It sent forth earth (food). `Therefore whenever ...

6.3.1

`Of all living things there are indeed three origins only, that which springs from an egg (ovipar...

6.3.2

`That Being (i.e. that which had produced fire, water, and earth) thought, let me now enter those...

6.3.3

`Then that Being having said, Let me make each of these three tripartite (so that fire, water, an...

6.3.4

`He made each of these tripartite; and how these three beings become each of them tripartite, tha...

6.4.1

`The red colour of burning fire (agni) is the colour of fire, the white colour of fire is the col...

6.4.2

`The red colour of the sun (aditya) is the colour of fire, the white of water, the black of earth...

6.4.3

`The red colour of the moon is the colour of fire, the white of water, the black of earth. Thus v...

6.4.4

`The red colour of the lightning is the colour of fire, the white of water, the black of earth. T...

6.4.5

`Great householders and great theologians of olden times who knew this, have declared the same, s...

6.4.6

`Whatever they thought looked red, they knew was the colour of fire. Whatever they thought looked...

6.4.7

`Whatever they thought was altogether unknown, they knew was some combination of those three bein...

6.5.1

`The earth (food) when eaten becomes threefold; its grossest portion becomes feces, its middle po...

6.5.2

`Water when drunk becomes threefold; its grossest portion becomes water, its middle portion blood...

6.5.3

`Fire (i.e. in oil, butter, &c.) when eaten becomes threefold; its grossest portion becomes bone,...

6.5.4

`For truly, my child, mind comes of earth, breath of water, speech of fire.' `Please, Sir, inform...

6.6.1

`That which is the subtile portion of curds, when churned, rises upwards, and becomes butter.

6.6.2

`In the same manner, my child, the subtile portion of earth (food), when eaten, rises upwards, an...

6.6.3

`That which is the subtile portion of water, when drunk, rises upwards, and becomes breath.

6.6.4

`That which is the subtile portion of fire, when consumed, rises upwards, and becomes speech.

6.6.5

`For mind, my child, comes of earth, breath of water, speech of fire.' `Please, Sir, inform me st...

6.7.1

`Man (purusha), my son, consists of sixteen parts. Abstain from food for fifteen days, but drink ...

6.7.2

Svetaketu abstained from food for fifteen days. Then he came to his father and said: `What shall ...

6.7.3

The father said to him: `As of a great lighted fire one coal only of the size of a firefly may be...

6.7.4

`Then wilt thou understand me.' Then Svetaketu ate, and afterwards approached his father. And wha...

6.7.5

`As of a great lighted fire one coal of the size of a firefly, if left, may be made to blaze up a...

6.7.6

`Thus, my dear son, there was one part of the sixteen parts left to you, and that, lighted up wit...

6.8.1

Uddalaka Aruni said to his son Svetaketu: `Learn from me the true nature of sleep (svapna). When ...

6.8.2

`As a bird when tied by a string flies first in every direction, and finding no rest anywhere, se...

6.8.3

`Learn from me, my son, what are hunger and thirst. When a man is thus said to be hungry, water i...

6.8.4

`And where could its root be except in food (earth)? And in the same manner, my son, as food (ear...

6.8.5

`When a man is thus said to be thirsty, fire carries away what has been drunk by him. Therefore a...

6.8.6

`And where could its root be except in water? As water is an offshoot, seek after its root, viz. ...

6.8.7

`Now that which is that subtile essence (the root of all), in it all that exists has its self. It...

6.9.1

`As the bees, my son, make honey by collecting the juices of distant trees, and reduce the juice ...

6.9.2

`And as these juices have no discrimination, so that they might say, I am the juice of this tree ...

6.9.3

`Whatever these creatures are here, whether a lion, or a wolf, or a boar, or a worm, or a midge, ...

6.9.4

`Now that which is that subtile essence, in it all that exists has its self. It is the True. It i...

6.10.1

`These rivers, my son, run, the eastern (like the Ganga) toward the east, the western (like the S...

6.10.2

`In the same manner, my son, all these creatures, when they have come back from the True, know no...

6.10.3

`That which is that subtile essence, in it all that exists has its self. It is the True. It is th...

6.11.1

`If some one were to strike at the root of this large tree here, it would bleed, but live. If he ...

6.11.2

`But if the life (the living Self leaves one of its branches, that branch withers; if it leaves a...

6.11.3

`This (body) indeed withers and dies when the living Self has left it; the living Self dies not. ...

6.12.1

`Fetch me from thence a fruit of the Nyagrodha tree.' `Here is one, Sir.' `Break it.' `It is brok...

6.12.2

The father said: `My son, that subtile essence which you do not perceive there, of that very esse...

6.12.3

`Believe it, my son. That which is the subtile essence, in it all that exists has its self. It is...

6.13.1

`Place this salt in water, and then wait on me in the morning.' The son did as he was commanded. ...

6.13.2

The father said: `Taste it from the surface of the water. How is it?' The son replied: `It is sal...

6.13.3

`That which is the subtile essence, in it all that exists has its self. It is the True. It is the...

6.14.1

`As one might lead a person with his eyes covered away from the Gandharas, and leave him then in ...

6.14.2

`And as thereupon some one might loose his bandage and say to him, "Go in that direction, it is G...

6.14.3

`That which is the subtile essence, in it all that exists has its self. It is the True. It is the...

6.15.1

`If a man is ill, his relatives assemble round him and ask: "Dost thou know me? Dost thou know me...

6.15.2

`But when his speech is merged in his mind, his mind in breath, breath in heat (fire), heat in th...

6.16.1

`My child, they bring a man hither whom they have taken by the hand, and they say: "He has taken ...

6.16.2

`But if he did not commit the theft, then he makes himself to be what he is. Then the trueminded,...

7.1.1

Narada approached Sanatkumara and said, `Teach me, Sir!' Sanatkumara said to him: `Please to tell...

7.1.2

Narada said: `I know the Rig-veda, Sir, the Yagurveda, the Sama-veda, as the fourth the Atharvana...

7.1.3

`But, Sir, with all this I know the Mantras only, the sacred books, I do not know the Self. I hav...

7.1.4

`A name is the Rig-veda, Yagur-veda, Sama-veda, and as the fourth the Atharvana, as the fifth the...

7.1.5

`He who meditates on the name as Brahman, is, as it were, lord and master as far as the name reac...

7.2.1

`Speech is better than a name. Speech makes us understand the Rig-veda, Yagur-veda, Samaveda, and...

7.2.2

`He who meditates on speech as Brahman, is, as it were, lord and master as far as speech reaches ...

7.3.1

`Mind (manas) is better than speech. For as the closed fist holds two amalaka or two kola or two ...

7.3.2

`He who meditates on the mind as Brahman, is, as it were, lord and master as far as the mind reac...

7.4.1

`Will (sankalpa) is better than mind. For when a man wills, then he thinks in his mind, then he s...

7.4.2

`All these therefore (beginning with mind and ending in sacrifice) centre in will, consist of wil...

7.4.3

`He who meditates on will as Brahman, he, being himself safe, firm, and undistressed, obtains the...

7.5.1

`Consideration (kitta) is better than will. For when a man considers, then he wills, then he thin...

7.5.2

`All these (beginning with mind and ending in sacrifice) centre in consideration, consist of cons...

7.5.3

`He who meditates on consideration as Brahman, he, being himself safe, firm, and undistressed, ob...

7.6.1

`Reflection (dhyana) is better than consideration. The earth reflects, as it were, and thus does ...

7.6.2

`He who meditates on reflection as Brahman, is lord and master, as it were, as far as reflection ...

7.7.1

`Understanding (vignana) is better than reflection. Through understanding we understand the Rigve...

7.7.2

`He who meditates on understanding as Brahman, reaches the worlds where there is understanding an...

7.8.1

`Power (bala) is better than understanding. One powerful man shakes a hundred men of understandin...

7.8.2

`He who meditates on power as Brahman, is, as it were, lord and master as far as power reaches he...

7.9.1

`Food (anna) is better than power. Therefore if a man abstain from food for ten days, though he l...

7.9.2

`He who meditates on food as Brahman, obtains the worlds rich in food and drink; he is, as it wer...

7.10.1

`Water (ap) is better than food. Therefore if there is not sufficient rain, the vital spirits fai...

7.10.2

`He who meditates on water as Brahman, obtains all wishes, he becomes satisfied; he is, as it wer...

7.11.1

`Fire (tegas) is better than water. For fire united with air, warms the ether. Then people say, I...

7.11.2

`He who meditates on fire as Brahman, obtains, resplendent himself, resplendent worlds, full of l...

7.12.1

`Ether (or space) is better than fire. For in the ether exist both sun and moon, the lightning, s...

7.12.2

`He who meditates on ether as Brahman, obtains the worlds of ether and of light, which are free f...

7.13.1

`Memory (smara) is better than ether. Therefore where many are assembled together, if they have n...

7.13.2

`He who meditates on memory as Brahman, is, as it were, lord and master as far as memory reaches ...

7.14.1

`Hope (asa) is better than memory. Fired by hope does memory read the sacred hymns, perform sacri...

7.14.2

`He who meditates on hope as Brahman, all his desires are fulfilled by hope, his prayers are not ...

7.15.1

`Spirit (prana) is better than hope. As the spokes of a wheel hold to the nave, so does all this ...

7.15.2

`For if one says anything unbecoming to a father, people say, Shame on thee! thou hast offended thy

7.15.3

`But, if after the spirit has departed from them, one shoves them together with a poker, and burn...

7.15.4

`Spirit then is all this. He who sees this, perceives this, and understands this, becomes an ativ...

7.16.1

`But in reality he is an ativadin who declares the Highest Being to be the True (Satya, {to ontos...

7.17.1

`When one understands the True, then one declares the True. One who does not understand it, does ...

7.18.1

`When one perceives, then one understands. One who does not perceive, does not understand. Only h...

7.19.1

`When one believes, then one perceives. One who does not believe, does not perceive. Only he who ...

7.20.1

`When one attends on a tutor (spiritual guide), then one believes. One who does not attend on a t...

7.21.1

`When one performs all sacred duties, then one attends really on a tutor. One who does not perfor...

7.22.1

`When one obtains bliss (in oneself), then one performs duties. One who does not obtain bliss, do...

7.23.1

`The Infinite (bhuman) is bliss. There is no bliss in anything finite. Infinity only is bliss. Th...

7.24.1

`Where one sees nothing else, hears nothing else, understands nothing else, that is the Infinite....

7.24.2

`In the world they call cows and horses, elephants and gold, slaves, wives, fields and houses gre...

7.25.1

`The Infinite indeed is below, above, behind, before, right and left it is indeed all this. `Now ...

7.25.2

`Next follows the explanation of the Infinite as the Self: Self is below, above, behind, before, ...

7.26.1

`To him who sees, perceives, and understands this, the spirit (prana) springs from the Self, hope...

7.26.2

`There is this verse, "He who sees this, does not see death, nor illness, nor pain; he who sees t...

8.1.1

Harih, Om. There is this city of Brahman (the body), and in it the palace, the small lotus (of th...

8.1.2

And if they should say to him: `Now with regard to that city of Brahman, and the palace in it, i....

8.1.3

Then he should say: `As large as this ether (all space) is, so large is that ether within the hea...

8.1.4

And if they should say to him: `If everything that exists is contained in that city of Brahman, a...

8.1.5

Then he should say: `By the old age of the body, that (the ether, or Brahman within it) does not ...

8.1.6

`And as here on earth, whatever has been acquired by exertion, perishes, so perishes whatever is ...

8.2.1

`Thus he who desires the world of the fathers, by his mere will the fathers come to receive him, ...

8.2.2

`And he who desires the world of the mothers, by his mere will the mothers come to receive him, a...

8.2.3

`And he who desires the world of the brothers, by his mere will the brothers come to receive him,...

8.2.4

`And he who desires the world of the sisters, by his mere will the sisters come to receive him, a...

8.2.5

`And he who desires the world of the friends, by his mere will the friends come to receive him, a...

8.2.6

`And he who desires the world of perfumes and garlands (gandhamalya), by his mere will perfumes a...

8.2.7

`And he who desires the world of food and drink, by his mere will food and drink come to him, and...

8.2.8

`And he who desires the world of song and music, by his mere will song and music come to him, and...

8.2.9

`And he who desires the world of women, by his mere will women come to receive him, and having ob...

8.3.1

`These true desires, however, are hidden by what is false; though the desires be true, they have ...

8.3.2

`Those who belong to us, whether living or departed, and whatever else there is which we wish for...

8.3.3

`That Self abides in the heart. And this is the etymological explanation. The heart is called hri...

8.3.4

`Now that serene being which, after having risen from out this earthly body, and having reached t...

8.3.5

This name Sattyam consists of three syllables, satti-yam. Sat signifies the immortal, t, the mort...

8.4.1

That Self is a bank, a boundary, so that these worlds may not be confounded. Day and night do not...

8.4.2

Therefore he who has crossed that bank, if blind, ceases to be blind; if wounded, ceases to be wo...

8.4.3

And that world of Brahman belongs to those only who find it by abstinence for them there is freed...

8.5.1

What people call sacrifice (yagna), that is really abstinence (brahmakarya). For he who knows, ob...

8.5.2

What people call sacrifice (sattrayana), that is really abstinence, for by abstinence he obtains ...

8.5.3

What people call fasting (anasakayana), that is really abstinence, for that Self does not perish ...

8.6.1

Now those arteries of the heart consist of a brown substance, of a white, blue, yellow, and red s...

8.6.2

As a very long highway goes to two places, to one at the beginning, and to another at the end, so...

8.6.3

And when a man is asleep, reposing, and at perfect rest, so that he sees no dream, then he has en...

8.6.4

And when a man falls ill, then those who sit round him, say, `Do you know me? Do you know me?' As...

8.6.5

But when he departs from this body, then he departs upwards by those very rays (towards the world...

8.6.6

`There are a hundred and one arteries of the heart; one of them penetrates the crown of the head;...

8.7.1

Pragapati said to them: `The person that is seen in the eye, that is the Self. This is what I hav...

8.7.2

The Devas (gods) and Asuras (demons) both heard these words, and said: `Well, let us search for t...

8.7.3

They dwelt there as pupils for thirty-two years. Then Pragapati asked them: `For what purpose hav...

8.8.1

`Look at your Self in a pan of water, and whatever you do not understand of your Self, come and t...

8.8.2

Pragapati said to them: `After you have adorned yourselves, have put on your best clothes and cle...

8.8.3

They said: `Just as we are, well adorned, with our best clothes and clean, thus we are both there...

8.8.4

And Pragapati, looking after them, said: `They both go away without having perceived and without ...

8.8.5

Therefore they call even now a man who does not give alms here, who has no faith, and offers no s...

8.9.1

But Indra, before he had returned to the Devas, saw this difficulty. As this self (the shadow in ...

8.9.2

Taking fuel in his hand he came again as a pupil to Pragapati. Pragapati said to him: `Maghavat (...

8.9.3

`So it is indeed, Maghavat,' replied Pragapati; `but I shall explain him (the true Self) further ...

8.10.1

`He who moves about happy in dreams, he is the Self, this is the immortal, the fearless, this is ...

8.10.2

Nor struck when it (the body) is struck, nor lamed when it is lamed, yet it is as if they struck ...

8.10.3

Taking fuel in his hands, he went again as a pupil to Pragapati. Pragapati said to him: `Maghavat...

8.10.4

Nor struck when it (the body) is struck, nor lamed when it is lamed, yet it is as if they struck ...

8.11.1

`When a man being asleep, reposing, and at perfect rest, sees no dreams, that is the Self, this i...

8.11.2

Taking fuel in his hand he went again as a pupil to Pragapati. Pragapati said to him: `Maghavat, ...

8.11.3

`So it is indeed, Maghavat,' replied Pragapati; but I shall explain him (the true Self ) further ...

8.12.1

`Maghavat, this body is mortal and always held by death. It is the abode of that Self which is im...

8.12.2

`The wind is without body, the cloud, lightning, and thunder are without body (without hands, fee...

8.12.3

`Thus does that serene being, arising from this body, appear in its own form, as soon as it has a...

8.12.4

`Now where the sight has entered into the void (the open space, the black pupil of the eye), ther...

8.12.5

`He who knows, let me think this, he is the Self, the mind is his divine eye. He, the Self, seein...

8.13.1

From the dark (the Brahman of the heart) I come to the nebulous (the world of Brahman), from the ...

8.14.1

He who is called ether (akasa) is the revealer of all forms and names. That within which these fo...

8.15.1

Brahma (Hiranyagarbha or Paramesvara) told this to Pragapati (Kasyapa), Pragapati to Manu (his so...